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Measles, a highly contagious disease once on the brink of eradication, is making a comeback worldwide, causing concern among health experts. In the UK, cases have emerged in regions like the West Midlands and London, while the United States has seen exposures in Sacramento and an unfolding outbreak in Chicago. According to Frank Esper of Cleveland Clinic Children’s, this year is set to witness a significant increase in measles cases, especially among children who are more prone to severe infections.
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported a dramatic rise in measles cases in its European Region, with over 30 times more cases last year compared to previous years. The U.S. is also experiencing an uptick, with 45 cases already reported this year, nearing the total for the entire previous year. This resurgence is largely attributed to vaccine hesitancy and increased international travel, with concerns that upcoming events like the Olympic Games in Paris could further exacerbate the situation.
The measles virus, while preventable through vaccination, continues to threaten global health due to gaps in immunization. Experts like Julie E. Mangino from The Ohio State University emphasize the risk of measles in unvaccinated populations. The disease is marked by symptoms such as cough, red eyes, runny nose, fever, and a characteristic rash. Complications can be severe, ranging from ear infections and diarrhea to pneumonia and encephalitis, with a fatality rate in children that is alarmingly high.
To combat this threat, health authorities urge the public, especially parents, to ensure vaccinations are up to date, particularly in light of disruptions caused by the Covid pandemic. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stresses the importance of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, which offers high levels of protection against measles. Travelers are advised to get vaccinated before international trips, as measles cases in the U.S. often originate from unvaccinated individuals traveling abroad.
Measles remains widespread in various parts of the world, including Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. The CDC provides information on global measles outbreaks and recommends vaccination as the best defense against the disease. The resurgence of measles highlights the ongoing challenge of maintaining herd immunity and the critical role of vaccines in public health.
The resurgence of measles underscores the importance of vaccination in controlling infectious diseases. Before the measles vaccination program began in 1963, millions were infected annually in the U.S. alone, with significant mortality and morbidity. The introduction of the MMR vaccine drastically reduced measles cases, showcasing the vaccine’s effectiveness. The current outbreaks reflect lapses in vaccination coverage and the need for sustained immunization efforts to prevent the disease’s return. Understanding the history of measles and vaccination provides context for the current situation, emphasizing the continued relevance of vaccines in preventing outbreaks and protecting public health.