Numa Pompilius was the legendary second king of Rome who reigned from 715-673 BC. Following the violent and warlike reign of Romulus, the founder of Rome, Numa was a stark contrast, embodying peace and wisdom above all else. He was said to be chosen by the Roman people for his virtue and wisdom, making him an unusual figure in a society that otherwise valued military prowess above everything else. As a Sabine and a devout believer in peaceful coexistence, he has often been attributed with the peaceful coexistence of the early Roman and Sabine tribes that made up the early Roman Kingdom. Interestingly, Pompilius was not originally involved in politics nor did he have a military background. He was a scholar and member of the Sabine elite who supposedly taught Pythagoras and was acquainted with many leading figures of his day. His reign as king was marked by his diplomatic teachings and implementation of religious institutions and laws in an effort to instill virtues among his people. The most memorable among these was the establishment of various priestly colleges and religious observances, including the Vestal Virgins and the office of Pontifex Maximus. These reforms were so impactful that they continued to have a significant influence on Roman culture and society, long after his death.
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